Business Email Compromise (BEC) is a type of cyberattack where attackers attempt to deceive organizations by impersonating a trusted individual via email. They may do this by either compromising a legitimate email account, such as an executive, supplier/employee, or spoofing the email address to impersonate someone in authority, such

The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) is a division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that provides centralized criminal justice data and intelligence to law enforcement, national security agencies, and other authorized entities across the United States. CJIS maintains and secures databases containing criminal records, fingerprints, background checks, and

A data breach occurs when sensitive, confidential, or protected information is accessed, stolen, or exposed without authorization. It can have devastating consequences, including financial loss, reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and operational disruption. To protect sensitive data and maintain customer trust, businesses must adopt a proactive security approach, implementing strong access

Disk Encryption (often referred to as Full Disk Encryption or FDE) is a security technology that protects data by encrypting every bit of data on a physical drive. By converting information into unreadable ciphertext, disk encryption ensures that if a laptop, server, or thumb drive is physically stolen or lost,

The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is a U.S. federal law that establishes guidelines and security standards for protecting government information and systems. It requires federal agencies and contractors handling federal data to implement risk-based security controls to protect sensitive information from cyber threats. While FISMA primarily applies

The Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) is a U.S. government initiative that standardizes security assessments, authorizations, and monitoring for cloud services used by federal agencies. Established in 2011, FedRAMP mandates that Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) adhere to strict cybersecurity standards before handling federal data for storage, processing,

A Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack is a type of cyberattack where a malicious actor intercepts and potentially alters communications between two parties, typically without their knowledge. This attacker sits "in the middle" of the communication, making it seem like the two parties are directly communicating with each other, while

The NHS Data Security & Protection (DSP) Toolkit is an online self-assessment tool used by organizations handling NHS patient data to ensure compliance with UK data protection laws and cybersecurity standards. It is mandatory for healthcare providers, suppliers, and contractors who access NHS systems or process patient information. Why the

Non-Human Identities (NHIs) are digital credentials assigned to automated systems, applications, bots, APIs, and service accounts. Unlike human identities, which are tied to individual users and protected by Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), NHIs facilitate machine-to-machine (M2M) communication autonomously. In modern cloud-first environments, NHIs often outnumber human users by as much as

Nonpublic Personal Information (NPI) is any "personally identifiable financial information" that a financial institution collects about an individual in connection with providing a financial product or service. Unlike public records (like real estate tax assessments), NPI is private and protected by federal law, specifically the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)